This monograph offers a unique approach to understanding thermodynamics by blending practical experience, a mathematically rigorous foundation, and historical insights. It presents the evolution of thermodynamics, demonstrating that the functions, equations, relationships, and quantities didn't simply materialize but were rooted in the human experience of heat and cold. While equilibrium thermodynamics is the primary focus, time is integrated as a fundamental element, distinguishing this from traditional treatments. Readers will find familiar heat-related experiences transformed into model equations, revealing the natural emergence of fundamental thermodynamic concepts. These essentials are then distilled into simple axioms summarizing the core principles of equilibrium thermodynamics. The book goes beyond macroscopic descriptions, delving into microscopic connections at the atomic and molecular levels. It is suitable for a diverse readership, including students in science and technology, professionals looking to refresh their knowledge of thermodynamics, and those interested in exploring advanced, non-equilibrium thermodynamics. While it caters to a broad audience, it is particularly beneficial for individuals in chemistry and chemical engineering, requiring only a basic understanding of calculus.