This updated/augmented second edition retains it class-tested content and pedagogy as a core text for graduate courses in advanced fluid mechanics and applied science. The new edition adds revised sections, clarification, problems, and chapter extensions including a rewritten section on Schauder bases for turbulent pipe flow, coverage of Cantwell's mixing length closure for turbulent pipe flow, and a section on the variational Hessian. Consisting of two parts, the first provides an introduction and general theory of fully developed turbulence, where treatment of turbulence is based on the linear functional equation derived by E. Hopf governing the characteristic functional that determines the statistical properties of a turbulent flow. In this section, Professor Kollmann explains how the theory is built on divergence free Schauder bases for the phase space of the turbulent flow and the space of argument vector fields for the characteristic functional. The second segment, presented over subsequent chapters, is devoted to mapping methods, homogeneous turbulence based upon the hypotheses of Kolmogorov and Onsager, intermittency, structural features of turbulent shear flows and their recognition.